Effective performance management and development of each staff member (PMD) are a shared responsibility of the supervisee and the supervisor2 (see Section Accountability for Performance Management for the specific accountabilities of the supervisee and the supervisor).Performance management and development are continuous processes and are anchored in the frequent, two-way, open communication between the supervisor and the supervisee aimed to ensure the achievement of results, staff development, and the provision of timely and appropriate support. Both the supervisor and the supervisee are expected to initiate and engage in such communication.